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Type 2 diabetes epidemiological behavior and its risk factors in adult patients consulting at the Basic Hospital of Paute, Azuay - Ecuador

Abstract:

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a non communicable chronic disease that constitutes a public health problem, epidemiological studies indicate a considerable increase in prevalence worldwide, which represents a high rate of associated morbidity and mortality for the population in general. Objective: To determine the epidemiological behavior of type 2 diabetes and its risk factors in patients of the general medical practice of the Basic Hospital of Paute (HBP). Methodology: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which 135 patients were selected through non-random sampling of convenience, that attended the general practice of the HBP between August 2016 and January 2017. A questionnaire was applied during a structured interview as well as physical examination and laboratory tests were performed. The qualitative variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies. The Chi square test was applied to determine the association between variables, and multivariate analysis was used to determine the risk factors. Considering the results statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: 40% of the patients corresponded to the age group of 18 to 35 years, with a higher percentage of females (74.1%) and 51.9% of urban origin; of the total sample, 63% were obese or overweight, observing that 52 patients presented DM2, representing 38.5% of the total sample. The risk factors found for DM2 were: sex (OR=3.13; CI95%: 1.07-9.18; p=0.038), hypothyroidism (OR=7.75; CI95%: 1.42-42.21; p=0.018), sedentary lifestyle (OR=6.61; CI95%: 1.34-32.59; p=0.020), overweight (OR=6.63; CI95%: 1.60-27.43; p=0.009), obesity (OR=5.88; CI95%: 1.33-25.89; p=0.019), age (OR=1.08; CI95%: 1.03-1.13; p=0.001), serum cholesterol level (OR=1.02; CI95%: 1.01-1.03; p=0.018) and mean arterial pressure (OR=1.07; CI95%: 1.02-1.10; p=0.005). Conclusions: A high frequency of DM2 was found, with a significant association with age and BMI greater than 30kg/m2, being the risk factors gender, hypothyroidism, sedentary lifestyle, overweight, obesity, age, total serum cholesterol levels and the average blood pressure.