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Vaccination approaches against Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Abstract:

In natural infection, the survival of Trypanosoma cruzi, despite the complex immune response elicited including several humoral and cellular components of innate and acquired immunity, suggests that the immune system’s natural responses are inherently inadequate. Consequently, it is of paramount importance to find alternatives to direct the immune system before infection, and redirect it after infection, to obtain a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine. Herein, we review the recent advances in vaccine research and the development of the major antigen candidates, including cruzipain, trans-sialidase, amastigote surface protein, paraflagellar rod protein, among others. In the last 5 years, experimental works have been conducted to analyze DNA delivery systems, including viruses and bacteria, as well as immunomodulators such as CpG–oligodeoxynucleotide, macrophage-activating lipopeptide from Mycoplasma …