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Volumetric tissue changes following combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis: A 2-year follow-up analysis. A prospective case series

Abstract:

Aim: To assess volumetric tissue changes following combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis over a follow-up period of 24 months. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients (n = 28 implants) were diagnosed with peri-implantitis and underwent access flap surgery, implantoplasty, and augmentative therapy at intrabony components (ie, combined therapy) using a natural bone mineral and a native collagen membrane. The peri-implant region of interest (ROI) was intraorally scanned pre-operatively (S0), and after 12 (S3) and 24 (S4) months. Digital files were superimposed for the assessment of volumetric changes between the referred time points. The change in thickness was assessed at a standardized ROI, segmented into two equidistant sections (ie, marginal and apical). Results: Peri-implant tissues exhibited a nonsignificant mean thickness loss of 0.16 (95% CI: −4 to 0.06) and 0.17 mm (95% CI: −0.05 to 0.4) at S3 and S4, respectively. S0–S3 dimensional thickness changes at marginal and apical areas were −0.24 (95% CI: −0.48 to 0.002) and −0.19 mm (95% CI: −0.36 to −0.2), respectively. Dimensional changes from S0 to S4 amounted to −0.22 mm (95% CI: −0.46 to 0.02) and −0.07 mm (95% CI: −0.09 to 0.2), respectively. The thickness changes at marginal and apical ROIs were significant from S0 to S3. Clinical parameters (ie, plaque index, bleeding on probing, and probing depth) significantly improved over the 24-month follow-up period. Linear regression analyses revealed no significant association between baseline bone loss (%), width of keratinized mucosa, and mucosal recession scores and thickness changes. Conclusions: Peri-implant tissues revealed minor volumetric changes at 12 and 24 months after combined surgical therapy.