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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AMAZONIAN ESSENTIAL OILS OF AN ECUADORIAN SHUAR COMMUNITY

Abstract:

This research was carried out with the aim of determining the chemical composition of the essential oils of four Amazonian species from the Antuash community, Morona canton, province of Morona Santiago. These species belong to the main aromatic families of Ecuador. The essential oils (EO) of Critoniopsis pycnantha (Benth.) H. Rob., Myrcia aliena McVaugh, Piper macrotrichum C. DC. and Siparuna schimpffii Diels were obtained from the dry leaves by analytical steam distillation; a percentage yield of 0.24 %, 0.80 %, 0.44 %, and 0.32 % was achieved respectively. EO were qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID) with a DB-5ms apolar column. The compounds were identified based on mass spectra and the Van Den Dool and Kratz retention indices. They were quantified by calculating the relative response factors based on the combustion enthalpies. M. aliena and P. macrotrichum resulted rich in monoterpenes, and C. pycnantha and S. schimpffii in sesquiterpenes. The major compounds for the essential oils of C. pycnantha were γ-muurolene, bicyclogermacrene, (E)-caryophyllene α-ylangene and α-humulene; M. aliena: α-pinene and β-pinene; P. macrotrichum δ-3-carene, eugenol and chavibetol acetate; and S. schimpffii: spathulenol, 2-undecanone, bicyclogermacrene and (E)-Isocroweacin.