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Treatment of periodontal infections

Abstract:

Introduction: Periodontal infections are defined as tissue invasion and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in tissues, causing different alterations in periodontal tissues. Currently there is no adequate guide for decision making at the moment of treating the different periodontal infections. Objective: The aim of this literature review was to interpret the causative factor of periodontal infection and the corresponding treatment. Methods: The PICO strategy was used with articles published PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scielo, and Springer Link, basically within the years 2016 to 2021. The protocol was designed according to Cochrane standards for systematic reviews and the search criteria complied with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: The results evidenced that one of the main objectives of therapeutics for the control of periodontitis is the modification of the subgingival microbiota of the pocket; as well as that chlorhexidine is still widely recommended by experts in periodontology and dentistry as an effective antimicrobial agent for the treatment of gingivitis; and that the use of systemic antimicrobials can improve treatment outcomes in patients with periodontitis, especially in those with a high bacterial load; among other findings. Conclusions: It is concluded that the most common infection and that presented greater discomfort and considered as a periodontal urgency, is periodontal abscess, followed by types of periodontitis and gingivitis, in addition it was determined that the cause of these infections was caused by Gram-negative bacteria.