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Plastics from end-of-life vehicles: material insights to support circular economy-oriented recycling strategies

Abstract:

Plastic waste from End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) represents a growing challenge for sustainable waste management due to its complex composition, presence of additives, and variable recyclability. This study presents a detailed characterization of two representative plastic fractions from ELV components using spectroscopic, thermal, morphological, and rheological analyses. The main polymeric systems identified were polycarbonate–polybutylene terephthalate (PC/PBT) and polycarbonate–polyethylene terephthalate (PC/PET), both containing mineral fillers such as talc, quartz, clays, and titanium dioxide. These fillers were confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy, and shown to influence degradation patterns and material morphology. Significant differences in melt flow behavior and structural features were observed between the two fractions, indicating distinct processing responses and recyclability profiles. These findings provide a critical foundation for designing efficient mechanical recycling and upcycling strategies for ELV plastics, directly supporting the development of a circular economy in the automotive sector. The methodology presented is transferable to other complex post-consumer waste streams, supporting broader circular economy goals through improved material traceability and resource efficiency.