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Aplicación de la mecánica corporal y riesgos ergonómicos en el personal de enfermería, Azogues, 2017

Abstract:

Background: Body mechanics is a set of movements for the correct and harmonious functioning of the musculoskeletal system in coordination with the nervous system to avoid ergonomic risks and development of occupational musculoskeletal injuries (1). Nurses are susceptible to these risks because they perform repetitive activities and adopt uncomfortable or static postures (2). Objective: To determine the application of body mechanics and ergonomic risks in the nursing staff of Hospital de Azogues, 2017. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out. The universe consisted of 73 nurses and nursing auxiliaries. The evaluation of the nursing staff was performed during the morning, afternoon and evening shift in the different areas. For the tabulation of data we used the program SPSS version 15 and Microsoft Excel. The results were presented using tables of frequencies and percentages. Results: The female sex corresponded to 90.4%. 80.8% reported having received training on cargo handling. There is a high frequency of exposure to standing for a long period of time with 94.5% and sudden, forced, or unexpected movements of 89.0% (mobilization, change of position of patients). The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries was 15.1%, mainly spinal injuries with 45.5% and low back pain with 27.3%. 65.8% applied body mechanics, presenting a higher frequency of nursing professionals, trained personnel and lower musculoskeletal injuries. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that body mechanics has a beneficial effect for nursing staff in reducing musculoskeletal injuries, so ensure that this practice is properly implemented to reduce absenteeism at work, improve productivity and increase quality of life, these aspects are considered important, reflecting that the poor use of body mechanics produced musculoskeletal injuries in nurses and auxiliaries, being more frequent in the latter one