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Mitogenome data sequence of a mangrove oyster of interest for cultivation in Ecuador: Crassostrea sp. (Bivalvia: Ostreidae)

Abstract:

Ostreids are one of the most exploited groups in aquaculture worldwide. In Ecuador, where aquaculture is dominated by Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei, the introduction of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in 1990 aimed to diversify the industry. Initially, the Pacific oyster showed promising growth rates in both marine and estuarine environments. Unfortunately, the temperature and salinity variability along the Ecuadorian coast is a challenge for the species, causing massive mortalities, especially during the rainy months that last from December to April in Ecuador. This has motivated research into the possibility of domesticating native species. The mangrove oyster, an estuarine species, not only supports local livelihoods through its harvest but also plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem. Previous trials have shown successful spat production under controlled conditions, highlighting the mangrove oyster's adaptability to captivity and its robust growth in the field. Consequently, efforts are underway to reduce the overexploitation of this species and protect the ecosystem through aquaculture trials. Despite these advancements, genomic studies of Ecuadorian oyster species remain limited. The Crassostrea mitogenome presented here, consisting of 18,937 bp and 40 genes (including 13 protein-coding genes, 25 transfer RNA genes, and two ribosomal RNA genes) contributes to the taxonomic-molecular identification of Ecuadorian mangrove oysters and supports extractive traceability. This analysis not only enhances our understanding of natural populations but also provides a basis for conservation efforts.