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Predictive risk factors for prostate cancer

Abstract:

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in men worldwide and represents a significant public health problem. The identification of predictive factors is crucial to improve its prevention and early detection. Objective: This study analyzes modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in an Ecuadorian population. Material and Methods: An observational study was conducted in patients treated in the Urology service of Hospital XXX during the XXX period. Risk variables classified into two groups were analyzed: nonmodifiable (age, ethnicity and family history) and modifiable (previous prostate diseases, sexually transmitted infections, obesity, smoking and alcoholism). A univariate and bivariate statistical analysis with binary logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between risk factors and the presence of PCa. Results: Main predictive factors identified were advanced age, family history of PCa, and previous prostate diseases. Men older than 65 years and those with a family history were found to have a significantly higher risk of developing the disease. Likewise, the presence of previous prostate diseases showed the greatest association with the onset of PCa. Conclusions: Age, elevated PSA, and family history are key determinants in the assessment of PCa risk in the Ecuadorian population. The inclusion of predictive models that combine clinical biomarkers and epidemiological factors could improve diagnostic accuracy and optimize prevention strategies.