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Case-control study of environmental factors associated with nonsyndromic dental agenesis

Abstract:

The etiology of non-syndromic dental agenesis is multifactorial and genetically regulated, but it is sensitive to environmental disturbances. The aim of the study was to analyze the environmental factors influencing the incidence of non-syndromic dental agenesis in a population of children aged 9 to 12 at Dr. Trajano Naranjo Iturralde Educational Unit, located in Latacunga, Ecuador. An analytical, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective case-control study was conducted with 14 children aged 9 to 12. It was found that 71.43 % of the cases experienced malnutrition in the first five years of life, while 28.57 % did not suffer this condition as in the control group. Regarding the variable of malnutrition during pregnancy within the case group, it was observed that 57.14 % of the mothers experienced it. This study demonstrates a statistically significant association between malnutrition during pregnancy and early childhood and non-syndromic dental agenesis, with a notable prevalence in the upper and lower lateral incisors. It was concluded that there was a statistically significant risk of non-syndromic dental agenesis in children whose mothers suffered malnutrition during the gestation stage or the children themselves during their early development. The research emphasizes the critical importance of adequate nutrition during pregnancy and early childhood to prevent dental agenesis, suggesting that public health policies and programs focused on nutrition could significantly reduce its incidence.