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Effect of the Absence of HEMA on the Bonding Properties of Universal Adhesive Systems Containing 10-MDP: An In Vitro Study

Abstract:

Objectives: To evaluate the absence of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) on the adhesive properties with enamel and dentin of universal adhesive systems containing 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP). Methods and Materials: One hundred and twelve caries-free third molars were used to test adhesion to dentin (n = 64) and enamel (n = 48). For each substrate, teeth were divided into eight experimental groups: four different adhesives each using two adhesive strategies. The adhesives used were: (1) Scotchbond Universal (SBU, 3M Oral Care, St Paul, MN, USA) as a HEMA-containing universal adhesive; (2) Gluma Bond Universal (GBU, Kulzer, Hanau, Germany); (3) Solare Universal Bond (SUB, GC, Tokyo, Japan); and (4) Zipbond Universal (ZIP, SDI, Victoria, Australia) as HEMA-free universal adhesives. The adhesive strategies used were etch-and-rinse (ER) and selfetch (SE). For dentin tests, the occlusal third of the crown of all teeth was removed and an adhesive protocol was applied. After completing the restoration, specimens were sectioned into bonded sticks (0.8 mm2) and tested for microtensile bond strength (μTBS), in situ degree of conversion (DC), and nanoleakage (NL) by scanning electron microscopy. For enamel tests, teeth were sectioned into four parts (buccal, lingual, and proximal), and an adhesive protocol was applied. After completing the restoration, the specimens were tested for their microshear bond strength (μSBS). For in situ degree of conversion (DC) and nanoleakage (NL) evaluation of enamel, the specimens were sectioned in slices to be evaluated. The data for each substrate were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05) for each property evaluated. Results: The SBU and ZIP adhesives showed the highest mSBS, and DC (dentin and enamel) and lower NL (dentin) values compared to GBU and SUB (p=0.001). However, SBU showed better results in terms of mTBS and mSBS (SE strategy), and DC (dentin and enamel) than ZIP. Strategy ER presented higher values of μTBS and μSBS when compared to strategy SE (p = 0.001), except for SBU. Conclusion: The effect of the absence of HEMA in commercial universal adhesive systems on enamel and dentin adhesive properties appears to be material-dependent.