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Relationship of Body Composition With Middle Cerebral Artery Hemodynamic Using Compositional Data Analysis in Middle-Age Adults From Toledo Study for Healthy Aging

Abstract:

Excess adipose tissue may promote chronic systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, causing endothelial damage. Early evidence indicates that obesity may be associated with poorer cerebral perfusion. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between body composition and cerebral hemodynamics. A total of 248 middle-aged adults (50-58 years old; 55% women) underwent a ramp test on a cycle-ergometer until volitional exhaustion. Gas exchange was assessed on a breath-by-breath basis. Mean middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) was measured using transcranial Doppler, and pulsatility index (PI) was calculated. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Statistical analyses were performed using a compositional data approach including a 3-compartment model for body composition (trunk fat mass, extremities fat mass, and fat-free mass). The unadjusted models for the whole sample showed that trunk fat mass relative to other compartments was negatively associated with MCAv<inf>rest</inf>, MCAv<inf>max</inf>, and gain, and positively associated with PI<inf>max</inf>; extremities fat mass relative to other compartments was positively associated with MCAv<inf>rest</inf> and MCAv<inf>max</inf>, and negatively associated with PI<inf>max</inf>; and fat-free mass relative to other compartments was positively associated with PI<inf>max</inf>. These associations were sex-dependent, remaining in the women's subgroup. However, after adjusting for confounders, these associations became nonsignificant, except for PI<inf>max</inf> in the whole sample and women's subgroup. These findings suggest a possible association between cerebral hemodynamics and body composition in middle-aged adults, highlighting sex-specific differences. Moreover, our results indicate that higher trunk fat mass relative to other compartments may negatively affect cerebral hemodynamics, reducing MCAv and increasing PI<inf>max</inf>