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Arterial Hypertension in the urban population of Cuenca-Ecuador, 2016. Prevalence and associated factors

Abstract:

Background: Arterial hypertension in adults and associated factors is a reason for global preoccupation; so the early identification is vital to be able to make an early improvement in the patients’ health. Objective: Determine prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in adult population of the urban zone in Cuenca, Ecuador 2016. Methods: Analytic study of a horizontal section. The data was based on probabilities, stratified and randomized; 399 adults where evaluated in the urban sector of Cuenca, Ecuador. Pregnant woman and people with prior diagnosis of hypertension were excluded from the study. The blood pressure was measured according to the recommendations of the JNC8, around the waste and prior to daily activity. Furthermore, anthropometric measurements were taken along with laboratory exams such as: insulin values, cholesterol and triglycerides. The sorting of the population was done via descriptive statistics, measurements of central tendency, the statistic association was measured with OR, the confidence interval at 95% and the data measure was considered statistically significant at p value < 0.05. The program SPSS 20.0 was used for all statistical calculations. Results: The prevalence of arterial hypertension was 11.28%. The average age was 38.46 +/- 15.49 years. The association between central obesity was determinant statistically with HTA (OR=6,31; IC-95%1,91–20,8; P=0,001), hyperinsulinemia is associated with HTA (OR=1,92; IC-95%1,01–3,75; P=0.04), hypercolestolemia is also associated with HTA OR=1,92; IC-95%1,01–3,75; P=0.04) and hypertriglyceridemia is also associated with HTA (OR=2,06; IC-95%1,08–3,97; P=0.02). Finally, being sedentary is also associated with HTA, but no significant statistical observation was made (OR=1,63; IC-95%0,48–5,53; P=0.42). Conclusions: In the city of Cuenca, more or less one eighth of the adult population has arterial hypertension, which is associated with the prevalence of central obesity, being sedentary, insuline resistence, hypercolestolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.