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Associated factors to stroke in patients from the “hospital de especialidades Dr. Abel Gilbert Pontón”, Guayaquil

Abstract:

Introduction: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is one of the diseases with the highest mortality and morbidity worldwide, as well as one of the main causes of disability in adults, thus the objective of this study was to determine which are the main risk factors involved in the development of CVD and its recurrence in patients from the Hospital de Especialidades de Guayaquil Dr. Abel Gilbert Ponton. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, in which all patients who attended the neurology service of the hospital with a diagnosis of ischemic CVD between January and June 2016 were included. The final sample consisted of 99 patients selected intentionally. We used a questionnaire designed by the authors that included sex, age, personal history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, embolic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, previous CVD and calculation of the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results: Of the 99 patients evaluated, 63.6% (n=63) were male, the average age was 60±9 years, 30.3% (n=30) reported previous CVD, 74,7% (n=74) reported hypertension, 32.3% (n=32) reported diabetes mellitus, 17.2% (n=17) reported atrial fibrillation personal history andmortality was 6.1% (n=6). The main factor associated with recurrence was the age group between 56 and 65 years old (OR: 5.70, 95% CI: 1.46-22.25, p=0.01). Conclusion: CVD is a frequent condition in males and in those older than 55 years of age, whose most prevalent risk factors were the personal history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The recurrence of these events is 5 times more likely in older subjects.