Atmospheric chloride deposition to the land in Spain

Abstract:

The rate of atmospheric bulk deposition of chloride ion in Spain has been studied in order to evaluate the recharge to aquifers by means of environmental chemical methods. Data of bulk, wet and dry deposition of chloride are presented in a map which include both data from literature and data produced for this study. Measurement periods are less than five years, and usually of only one year. This means that average values of deposition rate are quite uncertain due to the short sampling period. The results of diverse spanish stations of the network for European Monitoring of the Environment, with longer periods of precipitation and chemical data of the rain, are useful to evaluate this uncertainty. In order to better define the values at the boundaries of peninsular Spain, data from Portugal and Southern France are incorporated. In the center of the Iberian Peninsula the rates of bulk chloride deposition vary between 0.2 and 0.5 g·m-2·year-1, while in the Atlantic and Mediterranean coastal area they vary between 1 and 30 g·m -2·year-1 and 1 and 15 g·m -2·year-1 respectively, with a strong inlandward concentration gradient from the areas close to the coast, that usually oscillates between 0.1 and 1 g·m-2· year-1·km-1. Similar circumstances are observed in islands. This means that the calculation of aquifer recharge by means of chemical balance can be quite uncertain in the coastal fringe as consequence of the high horizontal gradients of chloride deposition rate. In the center results are potentially more accurate.

Año de publicación:

2004

Keywords:

• Bulk atmospheric deposition
• spain
• chloride deposition
• Recharge to aquifers
• Chemical balance

Fuente:

scopus