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Beneficios y desventajas de implante coclear según resultados audiológicos y habilidades comunicativas

Abstract:

Severe-deep sensorineural hearing loss affects the cognitive, emotional, linguistic development of children and adults, causing limitations in their communication. The relevance of early detection and cochlear implantation for the benefit of speech development and linguistic competence is highlighted, since the cochlear implant is the first effective treatment for severe and profound hearing loss. Objective: To analyze the benefits and disadvantages of the cochlear implant according to audiological results and communication skills. Methodology: It was an observational, analytical, cross-sectional type that included 43 patients with severe and profound sensorineural hearing loss implanted in the otorhinolaryngology technical unit of the “Teodoro Maldonado Carbo” specialties hospital. Results: We studied 43 patients between children (40%) and adults (60%) with severe and profound hearing loss who received a cochlear implant. They succeeded in improving the tonal audiometry in the annual free field corresponding to 100% (81% is located in the range of mild hearing loss, considering that patients with cochlear implants need more than 15dB, unlike a normal-hearing implant, and 19% presented normal audiometry), and in communicative skills, skills 63% and 21% were able to reach category 6 and 5 respectively according to the Early Speech Perception (ESP) Ann Geers test. Conclusions: Among the main benefits mas the improvement in auditory skills, comprehensive language, adaptive behavior, expressive language, thus improving their social integration and improvement in quality of life.