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Biomechanical differences and effectiveness of basketball free throw in optimal state and fatigue

Abstract:

Introduction: The free throw effectiveness in basketball is influenced by diverse factors, among them correct execution of sport technique and the integral development of physical capacities as it is the case of coordination, the strength and resistance. Objective: biomechanically analyze the arm angles in initial and final phase as free throw part in basketball, as well as the final effectiveness of technical movement, both in optimal state and fatigue state. Methods: The basketball players population of team "Comité del Pueblo N ° 1" (8 male subjects) is studied, specifically the free throw effectiveness and the arms initial and final angle in the ball throwing, both in state optimal as in fatigue state. In the analysis of Mader test applied (300m of interval race) to decrease the resistance indices of the subject studied (fatigue state), and a effectiveness test of a single release before and after implementing the Mader test. Results: There were significant differences in throwing initial angle in the ball in free throws (p = 0.050), and not significant in final angle (p = 0.195) when comparing the angles in the optimal state and fatigue state. On the other hand, the effectiveness was significantly negative (p = 0.038) when comparing the data for two independent samples. Conclusions: a negatively significant variation in free throw effectiveness in the fatigue state is demonstrated, affecting in ball throwing in the initial phase, inferring to implement need a specialized training in the basketball team, efficiently stabilizing the movements biomechanics that include the phases studied in the ball throwing as part of the basketball free throw.