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Biomechanical study of penal shot: Comparison in youth and initiation soccer

Abstract:

Introduction: The criminal shot is decisive in the success of football, the effective execution of the sports technique involves biomechanical factors that determine motor success in terms of optimizing sports preparation. Objective: Biomechanically analyze the speed and acceleration with which the ball is hit. Methods: Under a non-probabilistic intentional sampling, the aforementioned variables were studied through professional videos to 19 athletes (Sub-12: 10 subjects; Sub-17: 9 subjects) executing the penalty shot under controlled conditions. Results: The average values at the angles of body inclination with respect to the ground were 127.7° (Sub-12) and 126.22° (Sub-17) respectively, the coordinates of the center of gravity on the X axis of 91.78 (U-12) and 132.15 (U-17) and on the Y axis of 66.26 (U-12) and 94.41 (U-17), knee flexion angles prior to impact with the 78.2° (Sub-12) and 79.22° (Sub-17) ball, and the impact with the 128.4° (Sub-12) and 134.88° (Sub-17) ball, the speed of 8.76 m/s (Sub-12) and 11.66 m/s (Sub-17), the acceleration of 69.46 m/s2 (Sub-12) and 82.14 m/s2 (Sub-17). The study was completed with an average effectiveness in shooting at goal of 80 % (U-12) and 67 % (U-17) respectively. Conclusions: Significant differences are demonstrated in general in terms of the technical level presented in the independent groups studied, indicating that the motor movement can vary depending on the age range investigated.