Cambios en los sistemas agropecuarios campesinos: la ganaderización en zonas agricolas de Tungurahua

Abstract:

Palabras claves: ganadería, pastos, campesino, cambio climático, suelos. xiv SUMMARY The objective of this work was to identify the main changes in the agricultural systems: the effect of the cattle raising in the agricultural areas of Tungurahua. Two peasant communities were selected considering the proximity to the moorland and evidences of changes from agriculture to livestock. it was applied a sampling non-probabilistic, 47 polls were carried out in San Luis de Chibuleo and 30 in Atillo. In addition, 12 soil samples were analyzed: six in the community of San Luis, three of soils with grown potato (L1C1) and three of soils with pastures (L1C2); and six in the community of Atillo with the same characteristics (L2C1) and (L2C2). By means of the obtained results it is determined that the population that dedicates to these activities has an average age between 42 to 52 years. In addition, the results indicate that peasants surveyed have bovine an average of 5 heads. The main factors identified associated with the changes have been: climate change; costs of production and milk market. The cattle raising also had favorable effects such as increased fertility in pasture soils (12.67% MO and 75.67 ppm Nitrogen). Also observed that the amount of K and Mn had high values, although not significant in soils with pastures, Likewise the production of milk is helping at feeding of the peasants, because It is providing at their families around (2 L/ day) and generate a permanent income for the family (between 270 and 442 USD / month). On the other hand, the unfavorable effects like as pressure on the moorland due to animal grazing, reduction of the area of agricultural crops (potatoes) and greater food dependence of the market. The results suggest the need to incorporate agroecological practices and balance the components: livestock, agriculture and forestry of the UPAs.

Año de publicación:

2017

Keywords:

• ganadería
• SISTEMAS AGROPECUARIOS
• Cambio Climatico
• Campesino
• Agronomia
• suelos

Fuente:

rraae