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Chemical analysis and normo-glycemic effect of Opuntia ficus Indica

Abstract:

Products from Opuntia ficus indica have been used in ancestral medicine for treatment of hyperglycemia, lipidaemia, inflammation, infection, among others. This study aimed to validate the effect of Opuntia ficus indica on acute hyperglycemia and identify the component/s mediating this effect. Crude extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and phytochemical screening. Several saturated and two mono-unsaturated fatty acids were identified, as well as one diterpene and one carbohydrate. Water soluble and organic-solvent soluble compounds were obtained from the stem pulp of Opuntia ficus indica. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of glycosides and coumarins, with weak reactions for tannins and flavonoids. The most abundant water soluble components were identified as polysaccharides. Bioactivity on blood glucose levels by several preparations of Opuntia ficus indica was readily detected using an acute model of induced hyperglycemia in Wistar rats. Dose-response experiments demonstrated normo-glycemic activity in the range 50-300 mg/kg. In conclusion products from Opuntia ficus indica stems display potent capacity to reduce postprandial levels of glycemia in an animal model of acute hyperglycemia.