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Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: A narrative review of the literature

Abstract:

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy is one of the most advanced forms of immunotherapy. It is based on the genetic modification of T lymphocytes through the infection by a retrovirus that serves as the vector. The genetic information is translated into the production of a chimeric membrane receptor, which is directed specifically against a tumor protein. These T lymphocytes proliferate and generate an inflammatory response targeting tumor cells, in many cases achieving a curative response. This new strategy has shown promising results in the treatment of malignancies refractory to conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies, especially in acute lymphoid leukemia and certain types of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.This review of the literature synthesizes the principles of the genetically engineered CAR-T cells, the anti-tumoral mechanism, clinical application, and its adverse events.