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Clinical epidemiological evaluation of the oral premalignant lesions in the population of the Montalvo in Ambato, Ecuador

Abstract:

Introduction: Head and neck neoplasms represent 17.6% worldwide. Cancer of the oral cavity is one of the most common that appear in this region, being 95% epidermoid carcinoma with a poor prognosis of survival because they develop from premalignant lesions dangerously asymptomatic, the reason why the precocious detection is imperative. Objective: The purpose of the present study is the clinical epidemiological evaluation of premalignant oral lesions found in residents of the health subcenter of Montalvo. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on 99 patients over 35 years of age from the Montalvo health subcenter in Ambato, Ecuador, from November 2012 to January 2013. General and inspection data were collected in one document that uses the methodology of the examination of the buccal complex. The topographic classification was used as accepted by the World Health Organization. Patients were classified in the categories of patients, almost sick and not sick. Descriptive statistics were applied for all variables, frequency and contingency tables, determining the existence or not of dependence. The Chi-square Sperman statistic was applied and all values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The results showed that women and patients over 60 years were the most affected; the most frequent locations were the cartilage mucosa and the base of the tongue. The most frequent premalignant lesion was mild leukoplakia, associated with mechanical trauma due to the use of poorly fitting prostheses. Conclusion: It is confirmed that the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of premalignant lesions of the oral cavity require the early diagnosis to achieve a higher survival of these patients.