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Clonal chromosome abnormalities in malignant hematological diseases using fluorescence in situ hybridization

Abstract:

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is a rapid, sensitive and reliable method for the identification of complete chromosomes, or segments of them, during metaphase or nuclear interphase. The present study shows the results of the analysis of 32 bone marrow aspirates from patients with malignant hematological diseases (11 AML, 7 ALL, 12 CML and 2 CLL), referred to the Medical Genetics Unit of the Faculty of Medicine, Zulia University, Maracaibo, Venezuela between 1994 and 1996. All samples were studied by conventional and molecular techniques (FISH), using probes of total chromosomes, alpha-satellites and locus specific. In patients with AML and ALL and FISH technique detected clonal chromosomal abnormalities, that were not found by the conventional cytogenetic technique. Furthermore, the PML-alpha RARA complex was identified in the promyelocytic acute leukemias. The presence of the molecular complex ABL-BCR was also demonstrated in CML. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of the FISH technique in the detection of clonal chromosomal abnormalities, which are important when considering the clinical care of patients with these pathologies.