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Comparación entre requerimiento calórico en pacientes con VIH frente al aporte de la dieta hospitalaria. Estudio a realizar en el Hospital Infectología Dr. José Rodríguez Maridueña período junio - agosto 2018

Abstract:

Objective: To determine the caloric requirements and compare with the prescribed hospital diet in patients with HIV treated at the José Rodríguez Maridueña Hospital in Guayaquil. Methodology: Quantitative, analytical, cross-sectional and retrospective study, which analyzed the clinical histories of 141 HIV patients admitted to the José Rodríguez Maridueña Hospital during the period from June 1 to August 31, 2018. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for the study. Analysis of the results through the SPSS program, version 21. Results: We found an important group of patients at risk of malnutrition (22%) and with severe malnutrition (16%). A clear difference was found between the averages of kilocalories required when using the energy requirement formulas of Harris Benedict and Pulgar with an average of 2,403 kcal and 1613.75 kcal respectively. The analysis showed that there are significant differences in results with both formulas, since the GET x Thumb formula provides less kcal of total energy requirement than the Harris Benedict formula. The hospital diet does not offer the adequate amount of energy to meet the energy demands of patients with HIV, only the general diet offered by the health institution provides 1800 kcal, when the recommended is 2500 kcal. The amount of carbohydrates, fats and proteins is insufficient compared to the recommended macronutrient diet, the hospital diet offers less carbohydrates (247 g), fats (60 g) and proteins (68 g) than the diet needed by the children. patients with HIV (carbohydrates: 343 g, fat: 83 g, protein: 94 g).Conclusion: The total energy expenditure using the Harris Benedict formula provides more kilocalories depending on the nutritional status of the patient.