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Copper and cadmium effects on the innate immune response of the fish Colossoma macropomum

Abstract:

The non-specific immune response was evaluated thought cellular viability, quimiotaxis, phagocytosis and bacterial killing by PMN of innate immune cells providing of blood, head kidney and liver of freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum. Fish were exposed to 0.5 mg/L copper chloride and 1.0 mg/L cadmium chloride for 28 days; finalized the exposure, the fishes were depurated for 28 days. The cellular viability was between 94-99%, being observed the lowest values in both Cdexposed and Cu-exposed fishes. A decrease in quimiotatic responses was found in granulocytes of the evaluated tissues. We observed a decrease in phagocytic response in both copper exposed fish and cadmium exposed fish on the three evaluated tissues. Cadmium reduced the effectiveness to induce bacterial killing in blood granulocytes; however, copper reduced the response in granulocytes of the hepatic tissue. The serum cortisol level was increased in Cdexposed fish: on the contrary, it was decreased in Cu-exposed fish. These results suggest that chronic exposure to cadmium and copper of the fish Colossoma macropomum decreased the innate immunological response.