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Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on regenerative endodontic procedures: a scoping review

Abstract:

Purpose: The loss of dental pulp vitality and the subsequent need for conventional endodontic treatment have caused undesirable clinical outcomes, which become even more critical when dealing with immature permanent teeth. Photobiomodulation therapy could overcome these impairments by improving the environmental conditions, once it can compensate oxidative stress and increase blood supply to implanted stem cells, improving their survival rate and preventing their premature death. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review to evaluate if photobiomodulation therapy is able to influence the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures. Methods: Relevant articles were searched and obtained from library sources and the following online databases: MEDLINE/PubMed database, SciVerseScopusTM (SS), and ISI Web of a ScienceTM up to November 2018. Results: From 96 potentially relevant studies initially identified, 6 papers fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were considered for this review. These were in vitro (n = 4) and in vivo studies (n = 2) that applied wavelengths of 810 nm (n = 3) or 660 nm (n = 3), all in continuous wave. The energy densities applied were mostly between 2 and 5 J/cm2. Five out of the six studies showed that photobiomodulation therapy led to greater stem cell differentiation rates in vitro and improved pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo, increasing tertiary dentin volumes and also improving pulp-like tissue formation. The studies showed that photobiomodulation therapy led to greater stem cell differentiation rates in vitro and improved pulp-like tissue regeneration in vivo, increasing tertiary dentin volumes and also improving pulp-like tissue formation. Conclusion: This scoping review showed that photobiomodulation therapy is able to influence positively the outcome of regenerative endodontic procedures. However, due to the small number of studies evaluated here, a secondary evaluatıon should be held forward as a continuation of this scoping review in order to warrant a safe and effective future use in humans.