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Phonon modes at the 2H-NbSe <inf>2</inf> surface observed by grazing incidence inelastic X-ray scattering

Abstract:

We have determined the dispersion of acoustic and optical surface phonon modes at the 2H-NbSe2 by inelastic x-ray scattering under grazing incidence conditions. Already, at room temperature, an anomaly is observed close to the charge density wave Q-vector position located at about one-third along the Γ-M direction of the Brillouin zone. Our results indicate that the anomaly for the surface mode occurs at a lower energy than that measured in bulk sensitive geometry in the same experiment, showing evidence of a modified behavior in the uppermost layers. We demonstrate that inelastic x-ray scattering in grazing incidence conditions provides a unique tool to selectively study either surface or bulk lattice dynamics in a single experiment. © 2005 The American Physical Society.