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The effect of photobiomodulation therapy in the management of alveolar osteitis after tooth extraction: a scoping review

Abstract:

Purpose: This scoping review evaluated the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in treatment of alveolar osteitis (AO) (dry socket) after the tooth extraction. Methods: This search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed database, up to June 2017. The articles were selected focusing the effects of the PBMT in the management of AO after tooth extraction. Results: Three prospective randomized clinical studies were selected. All articles were conducted on systemically healthy adult humans. The PBMT was performed on 105 patients, while the mean age ranged 32.85 years, including males and females. The laser used in these studies ranged from 660 to 2780 nm wavelengths, while the diode laser was the most used (808 nm and 810 nm) with the laser power ranging from 0.1 to 1 W. All laser-treated groups showed positive effects compared with other groups, and there were no adverse or negatives effects reported. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this scoping review, PBMT showed to be significant and faster in the decrease of pain and swelling. The authors also observed an increase in the healing process when PBMT was used in AO treatment. The dry socket irrigation for the debris remotion plays an important role in any chosen treatment for AO. Further clinical studies should be made not only to elaborate a PBMT protocol for treatment of this clinical situation but also to prevent it. The protocols should contain different types of laser to take all therapeutic benefits from each one.