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Bioproduction of trans-resveratrol from grapevine cell cultures

Abstract:

The use of grapevine cell cultures to increase trans-resveratrol and stilbene-related production under controlled conditions is viewed as a promising biotechnological alternative to their extraction from the whole plant or their chemical synthesis. At present, in vitro plant cultures are rarely used as a commercial method for the production of bioactive compounds. The major problems hindering the development of the large-scale culture of plant cells include low productivity, cell line instability, and the difficulties involved in scaling up. This chapter describes how the composition of the medium, culture conditions, elicitors, bioreactor design, and other critical parameters influence the behavior of grapevine cell cultures and how optimization of these factors could allow improvements in trans-resveratrol and stilbene-related production. For these reasons, this chapter describes how high-producing Vitis cell lines, nutrient and precursor feeding, elicitation with stress factors, and signaling molecules, as well as metabolic engineering can be used to increase the production of these secondary metabolites.